Keep balance of cost and effective is an important condition for realizing the economic affordability of complex aircraft. The main methods of cost-effective equilibrium analysis are presented in the paper. The applicability of the theory and method of extenics in the cost-effective equilibrium analysis on large complex aircraft is proposed, including the overall architecture, matter-element model and application process. The introduction of a complex aircraft model example is constructed. Cost and performance indicator systems and test the feasibility of extenics and matter-element analysis. The study provides a theoretical reference for guaranteeing the economic affordability of large complex aircraft and promoting the optimization of life cycle cost-effectiveness management.