In view of a deficiency that in the field of complex network, the traditional network defense strategies didn’t consider the main factors which will affect the aviation network defense resource optimization. Therefore, an aviation network strategy considering airport location and traffic flow based on the reality of aviation system was proposed to reduce the total risk of network. The relationship between different types of defense resource and node defense capability was determined based on the node vulnerability reduction model. By making some adjustments in importance evaluation matrix method, the traffic flow, airport location and some other factors are considered to rank the nodes, and the relationship between nodes and the aviation network total risk was analyzed. In the end, under the circumstance that the defense resource is limited, the problem was solved by simulated annealing algorithm to reduce the total risk of network. As the tests on randomly generated network and Chinese aviation network show, this optimization algorithm is capable of telling the difference between node location and traffic flow when allocating defense resources, and more efficient in lowering the risk of network compared with traditional methods.