The lattice structure is a periodic structure with a regular shape. It has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific rigidity, light weight and high heat transfer efficiency. It is recognized as a structural material with wide application prospects. Applying the lattice structure to the active cooling technology to form a lattice active cooling structure is an effective means to solve the thermal protection problem of scramjet. The development of lattice structure is inseparable from the progress of preparation technology. This paper introduces the principle and research status of traditional machining technology and additive manufacturing technology, and summarizes the influence of the lattice structure unit, design size and the synergy with other structures on the heat transfer characteristics through literature research. On this basis, this paper analyzes the potential application value of the lattice sandwich active cooling structure in scramjet engines, and puts forward further development suggestions for its engineering applications.