The landing gear spin-up and spring back loads are an important part of the aircraft landing load, and the dynamic analysis method can be used to analyze it effectively at the beginning of the design stage. In this paper, the landing gear drop test dynamic model is established by using the nonlinear spring damping system at the axle to simulate the strut elasticity, and the spin-up and spring back loads and its corresponding slip rate change trend under the two motion forms of wheel reversal and wheel start-up are analyzed. The effects of aircraft heading speed, track slip rate curve and wheel pre-rotation speed on landing gear spin-up and spring back loads are analyzed. The results show that reducing the heading speed of the aircraft, giving the wheel pre-rotation speed and reducing the friction coefficient between the tire and the ground can reduce the spin-up loads.