The aeroengine fuel pipeline system provides fuel for aviation engines and is an important component of aeroengine. To explore the changes in fuel temperature characteristics in aeroengine fuel pipeline systems, based on the basic structure and working principle of the fuel system, a simulation model of the aviation engine fuel pipeline system was established using AMESim. Based on heat transfer theory, important components such as fuel pumps, heat exchangers, and return pipelines in the system were studied under flight conditions, and the temperature characteristics of the system were studied and parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results show that the speed of the fuel pump and the temperature of the aviation lubricating oil are the two most significant factors affecting the temperature characteristics of the system among various components. After the pump speed exceeds 6000r/min, the fuel temperature rise rate accelerates, and the fuel temperature at the nozzle can reach 140℃. There is a linear positive correlation between the system fuel temperature and the temperature of the aviation lubricating oil. This study lays an important data foundation for the safe operation and in-depth development of aeroengine.