The damage effect of the explosion shock wave generated by the explosion of the air to air missile warhead on the aircraft skin structure is influenced by various factors, and the function mechanism is relatively complex, so that a large number of experimental and computational samples are required to evaluate the damage of shock waves to aircraft skin structures accurately. Thus, static explosion experiments of aluminum alloy reinforced plates with fixed supports were performed, and their dynamic response and deformation patterns under shock wave loading were analyzed. The finite element analysis software LS-DYNA was employed to simulate the structural response under explosive impact, and the simulation model were validated by comparing them with the experimental results. The effects of adding prefabricated holes to the target plate and changing the incident angle of explosion on the target damage resistance were studied using the validated simulation model. The results indicate that: the target plate is prone to tensile failure with tearing at the fixed boundary when the hole area ratio of the reinforced plate exceeds 1‰, and increasing the hole diameter or the number of holes enhances the risk of perforation damage between holes; the target deformation increases with the incident angle of explosion, and the target deflection can increase by more than 30% when the angle increases from 30° to 60° at a constant explosion distance.