High-speed rolling bearings are critical components of aircraft engines, requiring efficient lubrication and cooling technologies to ensure stable operation under the harsh conditions of high speed, high temperature, and heavy load. Compared to traditional jet lubrication, under-race lubrication offers numerous advantages and has become the mainstream lubrication method for modern engine main shaft bearings. This paper focuses on the efficient lubrication and cooling technology for aircraft engine main shaft bearings, comparing typical lubrication methods. It systematically reviews and summarizes the current development status of under-race lubrication technology, discusses the lubrication and cooling effects of under-race lubricated bearings, and explores future development trends in lubrication and cooling technology for high-speed bearings in aircraft engines. This provides a reference for efficient lubrication, cooling, and refined thermal management of aviation bearings.