To explore the influence of the lower edge plate hole of the turbine blade on the flow and heat transfer of the internal cooling passage on the upstream trailing edge side, the numerical analysis of the turbine blade from the trailing edge and the lower edge plate was carried out. The effects of hole size, hole shape and hole position of the lower edge plate on the distribution of the flow coefficient of the overflow hole in the trailing edge, the outflow distribution from the trailing edge and the lower edge plate and the heat transfer of the internal cooling passage wall were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The distribution of the hole flow coefficient of the lower edge of the plate had a significant effect. The hole diameter increased, the flow coefficient of the overflow hole of the trailing edge decreased. (2) The hole diameter increased, the tailing edge outflow ratio decreased, the pressure loss in the cold passage in the trailing edge decreased, and the average heat transfer coefficient of the internal cooling passage increased. (3) The shape of the hole had small effect on the flow and heat transfer in the upstream inner cold passage. (4) The change of the hole position had small effect on the heat transfer coefficient of the inner wall of the inner cold passage, and had a great effect on the local.