The tiltrotor aircraft has both traditional helicopter vertical takeoff and landing, airborne hovering capabilities, and high-speed cruising performance of fixed wing aircraft. The excellent flight performance of tiltrotor aircraft has enormous potential for development and application in the aviation field. However, at the same time, it also brings many challenges to research and design. The development of the overall aerodynamic configuration of tiltrotor aircraft has undergone decades of iterative optimization, and there are still many key technologies in the aerodynamic design of tiltrotor aircraft that need to be further explored. This article focuses on the research status of optimizing the shape design of tiltrotor blades, aerodynamic interference of tiltrotor aircraft, and aerodynamic elastic stability of whirl flutter. Based on the current situation, the next step of aerodynamic design research for tiltrotor aircraft is discussed, and several suggestions for research directions are provided.